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Chalcidice or Halkidikí (in Greek: Χαλκιδική, alternative transliterations Khalkidiki, Chalkidikí, Khalkidhikí) is one of the prefectures of Greece. It is located in the southeastern portion of [Macedonia (Greece)] (Central Macedonia).

The Cholomontas or the Cholomon mountains lie in the northcentral part. It consists of a large peninsula in the northwestern Aegean Sea, resembling a hand with three "fingers" – Pallene (now Kassandra), Sithonia, and Ayion Oros (the ancient Acte), which contains Athos. The monasteries of Mount Athos are located on the easternmost "finger".

In ancient times, Chalcidice was part of Thrace. The first Greek settlers in this area came from Chalcis (the area around Chalcis was also known as Chalcidice) and Eretria, cities in Euboea, around the 8th century BC who founded cities such as Mende, Torone and Scione, a second wave came from Andros in the 6th century BC. The ancient city of Stageira was the birthplace of the great philosopher Aristotle.

Capital of Chalcidice is the city of Polygyros, located in the center of the peninsula.

In June 2003, at the holiday resort Porto Carras located in Neos Marmaras, Sithonia, European Union leaders presented the first draft of the European constitution. See History of the European Constitution for developments after this point.

The only prefectural boundary is with the Thessaloniki prefecture located to the north.